The Effect Of Gestational Age And Gender On Fetal And...

A study conducted on Wistar rats at two time points in late gestation investigating the impact of gestational age and gender on fetal and placental weight. This study demonstrated that fetal and placental weight increased significantly between days 16 and 21 of gestation whereas gender showed minimal effect on growth. Introduction Fetal development during pregnancy is predominantly related to the placenta and its function in fetal-maternal exchange (Ishikawa et al. 2006). Alterations in the interactions between the fetus and maternal uterine environment thus permit for the modification in fetal growth. In addition, the placenta also acts as an endocrine organ that produces hormones necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy as well as fetal growth and wellbeing (Malassine, Frendo Evain-Brion 2003). Literature suggests fetal growth relies on the mobilisation of maternal nutrients, which involves placental growth hormone and that dysregulation of the hormone may have an adverse impact on fetal growth (Newbern Freemark 2011). The placenta consists of two distinct regions, which are the junctional (JZ) and labyrinth (LZ) zones that differ in morphological and functional terms (Ishikawa et al. 2006). This complexity therefore reflects the placenta as a highly specialised unit required for the ex change of gases, nutrients and waste products between mother and fetus as alluded to earlier. The interrelationship between the fetus and placenta has been madeShow MoreRelatedBirth Weight Is An Essential Organ Known For Synthesising Growth And Fetal Development1513 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth and fetal development throughout gestation. The placenta is made up of two morphologically and functionally distinct zonal layers, the junctional (JZ) and labyrinth zone (LZ). The JZ is made up of trophohoblasts and maternal blood vessels but no fetal vessel, and is the major site for the production of hormones (Choi et al. 2005). The LZ on the other hand is too made up of trophoblast cells but also both maternal and fetal vessels and is thus, the major site for maternal-fetal exchange (WaddellRead MoreL D Clinical Rotation Worksheet1408 Words   |  6 PagesStudent: Monica Cooks Date: 10/24/12 Faculty: Kellea Rounds Vaginal Delivery C-section Delivery (circle one) Client’s Initials: JJ Age: 38 G4 T3 P0 A0 L3 (on admission) EDD: 5/12/13 Date of Delivery: 3/19/13 Gestational Age at delivery: 32 Weeks Date of Admission: 3/19/13 Allergies: No known Allergies (NKA) Significant Past OB/Medical/Surgical History: G4 P3003 (4 Gestations, 3 Full Term, 0 Preterm,Read More Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1951 Words   |  8 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Many studies have established that a developing organism is susceptible to exogenous and endogenous factors during certain stage of the organism’s development. The effects of ethyl alcohol or ethanol on the developing fetus, which manifest a variety of characteristic abnormalities, are collectively called Fetal alcohol Syndrome. Ethanol exposure to the fetus causes various malformation ranging from the cellular to the organismic levels with the eventual results frequentlyRead MoreSexual Violence And The Pregnancy2584 Words   |  11 Pagesviolence committed by an intimate male partner such as a husband, boyfriend, or common law partner that are inflicted on a pregnant woman. Intimate partner violence can affect women during pregnancy and during the postnatal period with devastating effects on both the women and the unborn child. Domestic violence against women is more common during pregnancy than with other life complications such as preeclampsia and diabetes mellitus (Mezey, 1997). Research estimates that intimate partner violenceRead MoreThe Nutritional And Health Status Of Women2263 Words   |  10 Pagesnutritional and health status of women, both in adolescence and the pregnancy stage, as well as during pregnancy are important indicators of complications during pregnancy, childbirth and thereafter, as well as of peri-and neo-natal mortality and low weight. Although poor distribution of resources-whether due to harsh geographical or climate condition in a region, or due to poverty resulting from a lack of purchasing power-contributes greatly to the severe imbalance of diets, tabools placed on food forRead MoreSmoking Cessation Of Pregnancy : Review Of Current Strategies9414 Words   |  38 Pages20 years old and those greater than 35 years old [4] Studies have shown various characteristics that are predictive of smoking during pregnancy. Maternal demographics that have been linked to increased success of smoking cessation include maternal age, primi-parity, being married or living with a partner, higher level of education and employment status [5,6,7]. The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy has been established to be inversely proportional to the level of income [3,4,5,8] Higgins et